If you’re looking for the best cigar humidors of 2025 to keep your cigars fresh, I’ve found top options with handcrafted designs, premium materials like Spanish cedar, and advanced climate control features. From sleek glass-top models with LED lighting to secure, lockable cabinets with digital hygrometers, there’s a perfect match for every collector. Keep an eye on size, organization, and security features—continue exploring to discover which humidor suits your collection best.
Key Takeaways
- The article highlights top cigar humidors of 2025 with premium materials like Spanish cedar and walnut for optimal preservation.
- It emphasizes features such as precise humidity control, built-in hygrometers, and innovative climate management systems.
- Various storage capacities and organizational options cater to both casual enthusiasts and extensive collectors.
- Aesthetic design elements, including glass tops, LED lighting, and elegant finishes, enhance visual appeal and display.
- Security features like locks and biometric access protect valuable cigar collections effectively.
CASE ELEGANCE Glass Top Humidor with Thick Cedar, Easy humidification System, Accurate Digital Hygrometer – Renzo, Brown
If you’re looking for a stylish yet reliable humidor, the CASE ELEGANCE Glass Top Humidor with Thick Cedar stands out, especially thanks to its thick Spanish cedar construction and easy-to-use humidification system. Its 5mm thicker cedar walls improve humidity retention and durability, keeping your cigars fresh longer. The glass top offers a clear view of your collection, while the curved base doubles as an organizer divider. The patent-pending Hydro Channel makes humidification simple, with minimal maintenance required. Paired with the accurate digital hygrometer, Renzo, you get precise humidity readings. Overall, this humidor combines elegance, function, and reliable preservation in a sleek package.
Best For: cigar enthusiasts seeking a stylish, durable, and highly accurate humidor to preserve and display their collection with ease.
Pros:
- Thick Spanish cedar walls (5mm thicker than standard) enhance humidity retention and durability.
- Patent-pending Hydro Channel system simplifies humidification and maintenance.
- Accurate digital hygrometer ensures precise humidity monitoring for optimal cigar aging.
Cons:
- Accessories in the drawer are not included, requiring additional purchase if needed.
- Glass top may be more fragile compared to solid wood humidors.
- Capacity is suitable for about 30-35 cigars, which might be limiting for larger collections.
XIFEI Cigar Humidor Cabinet with Glass Top and LED Lighting
The XIFEI Cigar Humidor Cabinet with Glass Top and LED Lighting stands out as an excellent choice for serious cigar enthusiasts who want both functionality and elegance. Crafted from Spanish cedar, it offers superior moisture regulation and breathability. The dual-sided tempered glass door provides clear visibility while sealing in humidity, and the spacious double-layer cedar tray holds 80-100 cigars. Its digital hygrometer ensures precise climate control, complemented by gel humidifiers maintaining ideal humidity. The customizable LED lighting creates a stunning display, perfect for showcasing your collection. With handy accessory drawers and a portable cigar tube, this humidor blends style with practicality for any setting.
Best For: cigar enthusiasts seeking a stylish, reliable, and well-equipped humidor to preserve and display their collection.
Pros:
- Crafted from premium Spanish cedar for optimal humidity regulation and breathability
- Features adjustable LED lighting with dimmable and color-changing options for a customizable display
- Equipped with precise digital hygrometer and dual gel humidifiers to maintain ideal humidity levels
Cons:
- May be relatively large and heavy, requiring ample space for placement
- Price point could be higher compared to basic humidors due to advanced features
- Requires regular refilling and maintenance of humidifiers to ensure consistent performance
Woodronic Cigar Humidor with 80-Count Capacity and Digital Hygrometer
For cigar enthusiasts seeking a sleek, reliable humidor that combines style with functionality, the Woodronic Cigar Humidor with 80-Count Capacity stands out. It features Spanish cedar wood trays and an adjustable divider for easy organization. The airtight seal and pixel-glass top keep an eye on your cigars without opening, preserving humidity. Equipped with a digital hygrometer and two Boveda 72% packs, it maintains consistent moisture levels, ensuring freshness. Its elegant ebony finish, LED display, and accessory drawer make it both practical and attractive. Although some users note humidity stability challenges, overall, it offers minimal maintenance and a sophisticated way to keep your cigars in perfect condition.
Best For: cigar enthusiasts and collectors seeking a stylish, reliable humidor with precise humidity control and elegant presentation.
Pros:
- Elegant ebony finish with LED lighting and clear pixel-glass top for display.
- Digital hygrometer and Boveda packs for consistent, low-maintenance humidity management.
- Spacious capacity with adjustable divider and accessory drawer for organized storage.
Cons:
- Some users report occasional humidity stability issues despite the Boveda packs.
- Limited to 80 cigars, which may not suit larger collections.
- Requires battery replacement or maintenance for the digital hygrometer over time.
Bald Eagle Handmade Cigar Humidor with Humidifier and Hygrometer
Crafted from genuine Spanish cedar with a stunning walnut finish and a glass top, the Bald Eagle Handmade Cigar Humidor is an excellent choice for enthusiasts who value both style and functionality. It holds 20-25 cigars comfortably and includes a humidifier, hygrometer, and a mini movable partition to organize your collection. The interior is protected by anti-scratch black velvet, ensuring your cigars stay scratch-free. Designed for ideal freshness, it’s perfect for home, office, or travel use. Its elegant craftsmanship and sophisticated appearance make it a beautiful addition to any space, while its reliable performance keeps your cigars perfectly preserved.
Best For: cigar enthusiasts seeking a stylish, reliable, and well-organized humidor to preserve their cigars at home, office, or while traveling.
Pros:
- Handmade craftsmanship with a luxurious walnut finish and glass top adds elegance to any setting
- Includes essential accessories like humidifier, hygrometer, and movable partition for optimal organization and maintenance
- Crafted from genuine Spanish cedar, ensuring proper humidity and freshness for cigars
Cons:
- Capacity limited to 20-25 cigars, which may not suit larger collections
- Requires proper maintenance and monitoring of humidity levels for optimal performance
- Slightly higher price point due to premium materials and craftsmanship
Cigar Humidor with Shelves, Hygrometer, Humidifiers & Accessories Drawer
If you’re serious about maintaining your cigar collection in ideal condition, a humidor with shelves, hygrometer, humidifiers, and an accessories drawer offers the perfect blend of organization and climate control. Crafted from aromatic Spanish cedar, it enhances flavor while protecting your cigars. Its three-tier design holds up to 150 cigars, with a bottom drawer for accessories or collectibles. The front hygrometer ensures real-time humidity monitoring, while three humidifiers keep moisture levels between 65-75%. An integrated LED light provides visibility without disturbing humidity, and the stylish glass door makes it a striking addition to any space—perfect as a gift or a centerpiece for your collection.
Best For: cigar enthusiasts and collectors seeking a stylish, functional humidor to preserve and organize their cigars with precise climate control.
Pros:
- Crafted from aromatic Spanish cedar wood that enhances cigar flavor and freshness
- Features a three-tier storage capacity for up to 150 cigars and a convenient accessories drawer
- Equipped with a hygrometer, humidifiers, and LED lighting for optimal humidity and visibility
Cons:
- May be relatively heavy and bulky due to its solid wood construction
- Requires occasional maintenance of humidifiers and hygrometer calibration
- The glass door, while stylish, might be fragile if not handled carefully
Cigar Humidor with Cedar Wood, Glass Top, Hygrometer, Humidifier, Divider, Accessories Drawer, Lock
This cigar humidor with cedar wood, glass top, hygrometer, humidifier, divider, accessories drawer, and lock offers a perfect blend of style and security for serious collectors. Crafted from polished cedar, it features a tempered glass lid that displays cigars without opening, maintaining ideal humidity via a tight seal. The included hygrometer and humidifier ensure precise moisture control, while the divider keeps cigars organized. A lock provides added security, especially for valuable cigars, and the accessories drawer holds essential tools. With a capacity of 20-35 cigars and durable construction, this humidor combines elegance and functionality, making it a reliable choice for both enthusiasts and collectors.
Best For: serious cigar collectors and enthusiasts seeking a stylish, secure, and reliable storage solution for their valuable cigars.
Pros:
- Elegant handcrafted cedar wood design with tempered glass display lid
- Precise humidity control with hygrometer and humidifier maintaining 65%-75% humidity
- Secure locking mechanism to protect valuable cigars and organized accessories drawer
Cons:
- Limited capacity of 20-35 cigars may not suit large collections
- Some users report minor cosmetic scratches or delivery issues with accessories
- Shallow accessories drawer may not accommodate larger tools like torch lighters
Desktop Cigar Humidor Cabinet with Digital Hygrometer and Humidifier
For cigar enthusiasts who value organization and modern features, the Desktop Cigar Humidor Cabinet with Digital Hygrometer and Humidifier is an excellent choice. It can hold up to 200 cigars across five movable cedar drawers with handles, fitting most electric humidifiers. The triple-sided LED lighting and backlight make it easy to check your cigars’ condition at a glance. Its natural cedar interior preserves aroma and moisture, while the tempered glass door offers clear visibility. Powered by Type-C or batteries, it combines portability with convenience. The sleek rounded design, walnut drawers, and gold hardware make it as stylish as it is functional.
Best For: cigar enthusiasts seeking an elegant, organized, and modern humidification solution for their collection.
Pros:
- Spacious storage for up to 200 cigars with adjustable cedar drawers for customization.
- Equipped with advanced digital hygrometer and multiple humidifiers for precise humidity control.
- Stylish design featuring triple-sided LED lighting, tempered glass door, and elegant hardware.
Cons:
- Battery operation requires purchasing batteries separately.
- Slightly larger footprint may not suit very limited spaces.
- Must regularly refill distilled water to maintain optimal humidity levels.
Cigar Humidor with Digital Hygrometer and Drawers
Cigar enthusiasts who prioritize precise humidity control and organized storage will find the cigar humidor with digital hygrometer and drawers to be an excellent choice. It holds around 200-300 cigars with five cedar drawers, each with handles and designed for electric humidifiers. Its double glass doors allow clear visibility and help maintain steady temperature and humidity, while the thick cedar lining adds aroma and durability. The high-precision digital hygrometer ensures accurate readings within ±1 degree, and the included humidifiers keep humidity stable around 72-73%. The elegant marvero design, with gold hardware and removable acrylic fronts, makes it both functional and stylish for display or storage.
Best For: cigar enthusiasts seeking precise humidity control, organized storage, and elegant display in a stylish cabinet.
Pros:
- Accurate digital hygrometer with ±1 degree precision for optimal humidity management
- Elegant marvero design with gold hardware and removable acrylic drawers for style and convenience
- Well-sealed with thick cedar lining, maintaining consistent humidity for weeks without water
Cons:
- Advertised capacity of 300 cigars may be optimistic; actual capacity is closer to 150-200 large cigars depending on size
- Some users report minor issues like broken plexiglass or loose drawer guides upon arrival
- Slightly higher price point compared to basic humidors, with potential need for internal modifications for optimal organization
Flauno Cigar Humidor with Lock and Air Circulation System
If you’re seeking a premium humidor that combines sophisticated design with reliable performance, the Flauno Cigar Humidor with Lock and Air Circulation System stands out. Crafted from Spanish cedar, it offers excellent moisture regulation and aroma enhancement, with a tight-fitting lid that seals in humidity. Its large capacity fits up to 70 cigars and features cedar dividers for organized storage. The built-in air circulation system ensures consistent humidity distribution, while the digital hygrometer provides real-time temperature and humidity readings. Finished in elegant walnut with a glass top and golden lock, it’s as stylish as it is functional—perfect for preserving your cigars in perfect condition.
Best For: cigar enthusiasts and collectors seeking a stylish, reliable humidor with superior moisture regulation and organized storage.
Pros:
- Made of high-quality Spanish cedar for optimal humidity control and aroma enhancement
- Features a digital hygrometer for precise, real-time monitoring of temperature and humidity
- Elegant walnut finish with a glass top display and secure lock, combining style with security
Cons:
- Larger size may require dedicated space for placement
- Digital hygrometer batteries need replacement approximately every 12-18 months
- Premium materials and features may come at a higher price point than basic humidors
TISFA Cigar Humidor with Digital Hygrometer and Accessories
The TISFA Cigar Humidor with Digital Hygrometer and Accessories stands out as an excellent choice for enthusiasts who value precise humidity control and stylish design. Crafted from natural cedar wood, it enhances cigar flavor while offering a clear tempered glass top for easy viewing. Its airtight seal and durable metal hinges guarantee consistent humidity, supported by a gel humidifier and digital hygrometer that monitors temperature and humidity in real-time. The removable cedar divider keeps cigars organized, and a pull-out drawer stores accessories neatly. With a sleek, high-end exterior and thoughtful features like a cigar length gauge, this humidor combines function and elegance perfectly.
Best For: cigar enthusiasts and collectors seeking precise humidity control, stylish design, and organized storage solutions.
Pros:
- Natural cedar wood lining enhances cigar flavor and adds aesthetic appeal
- Airtight seal and durable hinges ensure consistent humidity and freshness
- Digital hygrometer provides accurate, real-time temperature and humidity monitoring
Cons:
- Capacity may be limited for large cigar collections (20-30 cigars) depending on ring gauge
- Requires regular refilling of gel humidifier for optimal performance
- Slightly higher price point compared to basic humidors with less advanced features
Cigar Humidor with Accessories for 20-35 Cigars
For serious cigar enthusiasts seeking a stylish and functional storage solution, a humidor with accessories designed for 20-35 cigars offers the perfect blend of organization and convenience. Crafted from premium Spanish cedar, it enhances aroma and provides a smooth, durable finish. The tempered glass window allows me to view my cigars without opening, while removable cedar dividers keep different types separated. An accessory drawer holds my lighter, punch, and cutter, ensuring everything’s within reach. The humidor includes a bar humidifier and hygrometer to maintain ideal humidity levels. With a vintage lock clasp and non-slip velvet base, it combines style, security, and stability for long-term cigar preservation.
Best For: Serious cigar collectors and enthusiasts seeking a stylish, organized, and durable humidor with comprehensive accessories for long-term cigar preservation.
Pros:
- Crafted from premium Spanish cedar to enhance aroma and flavor preservation
- Equipped with a bar humidifier and hygrometer for precise humidity control
- Features a tempered glass window and removable dividers for easy viewing and organization
Cons:
- May be larger and heavier, requiring dedicated space for placement
- Requires regular refilling of distilled water or humidor solution for humidification
- The price point may be higher compared to basic cigar storage solutions
Travel Cigar Humidor Case with Lighter and Accessories
Travelers who want reliable cigar preservation on the go will appreciate this compact humidor case, which includes a built-in lighter and essential accessories. Made from durable ABS with a wood-texture finish, it measures 9.6 by 6.8 inches—perfect for fitting into luggage. Inside, Spanish cedar lining helps maintain ideal humidity and enhances flavor. The tight seal, safety locks, and hygrometer ensure a stable environment, holding 7-9 cigars comfortably. It comes with a windproof lighter, V-cutter, humidifier, and external humidity monitor. While some users note minor issues like clasp durability or humidity leaks, overall, this travel case offers a stylish, practical solution for cigar enthusiasts on the move.
Best For: cigar enthusiasts seeking a stylish, reliable, and portable travel humidor with essential accessories for preserving cigars on the go.
Pros:
- Durable ABS construction with waterproof and drop-proof design, ideal for travel.
- Spanish cedar lining and cedar tray maintain optimal humidity, enhancing cigar flavor.
- Includes practical accessories like a windproof lighter, V-cutter, humidifier, and external hygrometer.
Cons:
- Some users report issues with clasp durability and humidity leakage.
- Longer cigars such as churchills may not fit comfortably inside.
- The humidifier can sometimes spill or leak, affecting interior conditions.
TISFA Cigar Humidor, Leather Cedar Wood Cigar Case with Humidifier and Cutter
If you’re looking for a stylish and portable humidor that combines elegance with functionality, the TISFA Leather Cedar Wood Cigar Case is an excellent choice. It features a luxurious leather exterior and cedar wood interior that preserves cigar flavor and aroma while offering durability. Designed for travel, it holds up to six cigars securely with removable cedar trays and leather straps for added protection. The set includes a multifunctional lighter, cutter, and cigar holder, all integrated into the case. Its airtight seal and built-in hygrometer keep cigars fresh on the go, making it a perfect blend of style, practicality, and portability.
Best For: cigar enthusiasts seeking a stylish, durable, and portable humidor with all-in-one accessories for travel and on-the-go enjoyment.
Pros:
- Elegant combination of leather exterior and cedar wood interior preserves cigar flavor and aroma.
- Compact, lightweight design with secure storage for up to six cigars, ideal for travel.
- Includes multifunctional accessories like a lighter, cutter, and cigar holder for convenience.
Cons:
- Limited capacity may not fit larger or ring gauge cigars beyond 52.
- Small built-in hygrometer can be difficult to read in low-light conditions.
- Initial zipper stiffness could require some breaking-in for smoother operation.
Cigar Humidor with Glass Top and Accessories
A cigar humidor with a glass top and accessories is perfect for enthusiasts who want to combine functionality with elegance. Made from natural cedar wood with a polished finish, it resists dirt and enhances cigar flavor. The tempered glass top allows for easy viewing, while the hygrometer and bar humidifier maintain 65-75% humidity for ideal freshness. It’s compact, measuring about 9.2 by 7.1 inches, and holds 20-35 cigars. Included accessories like a built-in punch, flame lighter, and cigar holder add convenience. With its stylish design and practical features, it’s suitable for personal use, gifting, or elevating your cigar experience.
Best For: cigar enthusiasts and collectors seeking a stylish, compact, and functional humidor with accessories for optimal cigar preservation and enjoyment.
Pros:
- Premium natural cedar wood construction with polished finish enhances flavor and durability
- Includes essential accessories like a built-in punch, flame lighter, and cigar holder for added convenience
- Maintains ideal humidity levels (65-75%) with a hygrometer and bar humidifier, ensuring fresh cigars
Cons:
- External dimensions may limit capacity for larger cigar collections
- Flame lighter requires separate butane purchase for operation
- Compact size may not accommodate very large or numerous cigars at once
Scotte Cigar Humidifier for Humidors
The Scotte Cigar Humidifier stands out as an excellent choice for cigar enthusiasts seeking a compact, easy-to-install solution to maintain ideal humidity levels. Made from upgraded ABS with a polymer sponge and stainless steel mesh, it’s durable and reliable. Its small size (16.7*6.5*1.5 cm) and lightweight design make it portable and versatile for all cigar types. It operates quietly in evaporative mode and installs easily with included 3M double-sided tape—no permanent setup needed. Simply add distilled water, place it inside your humidor, and enjoy consistent humidity. Regular cleaning guarantees optimal performance, keeping your cigars fresh and perfectly humidified.
Best For: cigar enthusiasts and hobbyists seeking a compact, easy-to-maintain humidifier to keep their cigars fresh and properly humidified.
Pros:
- Compact and lightweight design makes it portable and easy to place anywhere inside the humidor.
- Simple installation with included 3M double-sided tape allows for no-permanent setup and easy repositioning.
- Quiet operation and easy maintenance ensure consistent humidity control without noise or hassle.
Cons:
- Requires regular refilling with distilled water to maintain optimal humidity levels.
- May need frequent cleaning to prevent mold or mineral buildup over time.
- Limited capacity might require more frequent refills for larger humidors or high humidity needs.
Factors to Consider When Choosing Cigar Humidors
When selecting a cigar humidor, I focus on key factors like humidity control, capacity, and material quality to guarantee my cigars stay fresh. The design and security features also matter, helping me choose a piece that’s both functional and attractive. Considering these points helps me find a humidor that fits my needs and style perfectly.
Humidity Control Precision
Choosing a cigar humidor with precise humidity control is essential because even small fluctuations can greatly impact your cigars’ quality. I look for models that keep humidity within 1-2%, ensuring my cigars stay fresh and flavorful. Digital hygrometers are my go-to for accurate, real-time readings, often with ±1% precision, unlike analog gauges that can be less reliable. Advanced humidification systems, like patent-pending hydro channels or electronic controls, help maintain consistent levels and make adjustments easier. Proper calibration and a sealed environment are vital to prevent external climate changes from affecting humidity. I also monitor my humidor regularly and tweak settings as needed, which helps preserve the aging potential of my cigars and keeps their flavor intact over time.
Capacity and Size
Selecting the right capacity and size for your cigar humidor depends on how many cigars you plan to store and the types you prefer. If you have a small collection of 20-35 cigars, a compact desktop model should suffice, while larger collections over 200 cigars need a spacious cabinet humidor. Keep in mind that bigger cigars like Churchills or Gordos take up more space, so consider your preferred cigar sizes when choosing capacity. Make sure the interior dimensions and compartments can accommodate your typical sizes and organizational needs. Also, think about where you’ll place the humidor; it should fit comfortably in your chosen location. Some humidors feature adjustable dividers or removable trays, giving you flexibility to customize storage space as your collection grows.
Material Quality
The material quality of a cigar humidor directly influences its ability to maintain stable humidity levels and protect your investment. High-quality humidors are usually made from Spanish cedar, which regulates moisture effectively and enhances cigar aging. The thickness and type of wood impact durability and how well the humidor keeps humidity steady. Premium features like sealed glass tops and solid cedar linings add to both longevity and visual appeal. Using non-porous, moisture-resistant materials in the lining helps prevent mold and damage over time. Additionally, durable hinges, seals, and locks are vital for long-term protection. Investing in quality materials ensures your humidor remains a reliable environment for your cigars, preserving flavor and freshness for years to come.
Design and Aesthetics
When evaluating cigar humidors, their design and aesthetics play a crucial role in how well they fit into your space and reflect your style. A well-chosen humidor should complement your environment, whether modern, traditional, or rustic, adding visual appeal. Glass tops are popular because they let you see your cigars without opening the lid, helping maintain proper humidity. Materials like Spanish cedar not only preserve cigars but also add elegance with their rich grain and finish. Decorative elements such as locks, intricate hardware, or LED lighting can elevate the look and make your humidor a focal point. Whether you prefer a compact, portable design for travel or a large, ornate piece for display, aesthetics ensure your humidor enhances your space and personal taste.
Security Features
Security features are essential components to contemplate because they protect your valuable cigars from theft or unauthorized access. A well-designed humidor should have sturdy construction with tamper-proof hinges to prevent prying or forced entry. Locks or combination safes add an extra layer of security, especially for high-end or collector’s items. For advanced access control, biometric fingerprint scanners are becoming more popular, offering quick yet secure entry. When choosing a humidor, assess the durability and quality of its locking system to ensure long-term security and peace of mind. Protecting your cigars from theft or tampering is critical, and the right security features can help safeguard your investment while keeping your collection safe and sound.
Frequently Asked Questions
How Often Should I Calibrate My Digital Hygrometer?
You should calibrate your digital hygrometer at least once a month to guarantee it stays accurate. I recommend using a salt test or a calibration kit for the best results. Regular calibration helps me keep my cigars at the perfect humidity level, preventing them from drying out or molding. Don’t forget to record your calibration results so you can adjust or replace your hygrometer if needed.
Can Cigar Humidors Be Customized for Specific Cigar Types?
Cigar humidors can definitely be customized for specific cigar types. I’ve personalized mine with different sections for robustos, coronas, and petites, making sure each gets the ideal humidity and temperature. Think of it like tailoring a suit—each cigar variety has its own needs, and customizing guarantees they stay in top shape. It’s worth the effort to keep your collection in perfect condition!
What Is the Ideal Humidity Level for Storing Different Cigars?
The ideal humidity for storing cigars is around 70%, but I find that slightly adjusting between 65% and 72% works best depending on the cigar type. For example, milder cigars prefer a lower humidity, while full-bodied ones thrive at the higher end. I always use a hygrometer to monitor, and I make small adjustments to keep my cigars perfectly fresh and flavorful.
Are There Portable Humidors Suitable for Travel?
Yes, there are portable humidors perfect for travel. I’ve used small, airtight cases or travel cigar humidors that easily fit in a bag. They often come with built-in humidifiers, so your cigars stay fresh on the go. I recommend choosing one with a secure seal and reliable humidity control. It’s a convenient way to enjoy fresh cigars wherever your travels take you.
How Does Temperature Affect Cigar Preservation in Humidors?
A stitch in time saves nine, they say, and that’s true for cigar preservation. Temperature impacts cigars by affecting humidity and flavor; too hot, and they can dry out or mold, too cold, and they lose their aroma. I always keep my humidor between 65-70°F to maintain ideal freshness. Proper temperature control is essential—think of it as giving your cigars the perfect environment to age gracefully.
Conclusion
When choosing a cigar humidor, I believe it’s not just about looks but also about how well it preserves your cigars. The theory that a perfect environment enhances flavor and longevity turns out to be true—I’ve seen firsthand how a quality humidor makes a difference. So, whether you prefer sleek glass tops or classic cedar designs, investing in the right humidor really does keep your cigars fresh and flavorful, proving that good tools truly matter.
